Bulimia, technically known as bulimia nervosa, is an eating disorder characterized by bingeing and purging. Bingeing happens when a person eats a much larger amount of food than most people would in a similar situation during a short span of time. Oftentimes, the affected individual shows an apparent lack of control over his or her eating behaviors during these periods.

After this episode, a person afflicted with the disease would normally feel guilty and disgusted for his or her actions and will try to get rid of the extra calories by using inappropriate measures. Contrary to popular belief, forced vomiting is not the only method bulimics use in purging. Purging may also be done through the use of laxatives, diuretics or enemas, fasting and compulsive exercising.

Bulimia generally develops during late childhood and commonly affects females more than males. According to scientific studies, approximately 1.1% to 4.2% of females suffer from this disease at least once in their lifetimes.

Bulimia is also a psychological problem. People afflicted with this disease have an intense fear of gaining weight, a passionate desire to lose weight and may have immense dissatisfaction with their bodies.

What factors contribute to the development of the disease?

The exact cause of the disease still baffles the scientific community. But while the exact cause is yet to be established, research suggests that a combination of factors may be contributory to its development. Among these are the following:

. Heredity. Research suggests that heredity and genetics play a role in the onset of this type of eating disorder. It was observed that the chances of developing bulimia are higher in individuals having a mother or sister with the same disorder. Certain hormones (e.g. serotonin) are also being studied for their possible effects on the disease.

. Psychological makeup. Some individuals may have certain personality traits, which make them easy targets of the disease. It was observed that individuals with low self-esteem and impulsive behavior are more susceptible to the disease. People with extreme dissatisfaction with their appearance and body shape also fall easy prey to the disorder.

. Stressful events. Events that bring about life changing consequences may play a part in the development of the disease. Examples of these are relocating to a new home, transferring to a new school, having a new job and other traumatic events such as death in the family or rape.

. Society. Whether we accept it or not, our society glorifies thinness. Hence, the younger generation often equates success and happiness with being thin. This may also set the stage for the development of the disease.

What are the symptoms of bulimia?

Among the symptoms of the disease are the following:

. Uncontrollable and excessive eating followed by purging
. Frequent visits to the bathroom during or immediately after meals (to purge)
. Sores, cuts and calluses on the knuckles or back of the hands
. Unhealthy preoccupation with weight and body shape
. Depression or mood swings
. Too much exercise
. Dental problems such as damaged teeth and gums
. Sore throat and swollen glands in the face and neck
. Irregular periods or loss of menstruation
. Irregular heartbeat
. Fatigue and weakness

Bulimia can cause life threatening complications. So if you, or anyone you know and care about, shows a combination of these symptoms, consider consulting with a qualified health practitioner.

Michael Russell
Your Independent guide to Eating Disorders